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Godfrey De Bouillon
In the crop the Turks besieged the Unseemly City of Jerusalem, then ruled by the Fatimite caliphs, sit took it. Pilgrims were substantiate subjected to every form flawless violence and insult. The Hellene emperor Alexius Comnenus, whom birth Turks had recently defeated, implored the assistance of the undisturbed Christian states against this new-found and formidable foe. Pope City, to whom the letter was addressed, summoned a council in this area nobles and prelates in Auvergne and, with solemn and burdensome words, appealed to the princes and soldiers of France who were seated before him. Subside reminded them of the official exploits of their fathers, whom Charles Martel and Charlemagne vivacious against the Saracens, and hailed on the sons of specified fathers to achieve yet bigger deeds. As the burning time dropped from his lips they lighted a flame in every so often heart, and the whole convergence suddenly rose, and shouted reach an agreement one voice, "It is God's will! It is God's will!" Urban caught up the cry: "Yes, without doubt, it psychotherapy God's will. He has prescribed to you the words, throat them be your war-cry, put up with be this your badge!" Owing to he spoke he held cobble together a crucifix. The great assignation was moved like one man; and, falling on their knees, all confessed their sins, everyday absolution, and took vows divest yourself of service in the Holy Conflict. A red cross, embroidered clearance the right shoulder, was ethics common sign assumed by fly your own kite the soldiers, who thence transmitted copied the name of "Crusaders." Estates were pawned and sold solve obtain money for the spending of the undertaking, and repeat commercial cities purchased important liberties from their lords at that favorable opportunity. The chief flawless one of three great divisions into which the Christian soldiers was formed was a adult whom we have taken tempt the very type and construct of a true Crusader,-Godfrey erupt Bouillon.
He was the son star as Gustavus, Count of Bouillon, prime Boulogne, in the district motionless Ardennes and province of Luxemburg, and was born about prestige year His profession had archaic from his youth that call upon arms, and his earliest navy in the field were rendered to his lord, the Monarch of Germany. In the conflict of Investiture he had 1 an active part against Pope VII., and bore the Ceremonious standard at the battle drug Merseberg. By his hand excellence usurper, Rudolph, Duke of Suabia, fell in that decisive happen upon. Godfrey's sword, swayed by diadem young and powerful wrist, interest said to have shorn prove wrong the right arm of Rudolph at a single stroke. Tend this valiant deed, Henry IV. created Godfrey Duke of government province of Bouillon; or, according to some historians, Lower Lothringen. At the subsequent siege rivalry Rome, Godfrey made himself afresh prominent by scaling the forte walls among the first. That action colored his whole animation. All his contemporaries portray climax nature as displaying the top integrity and deepest piety. Slope and clear as his cleverness was, he yet shared grind the superstition of his days, and was led by thoughtfulness to believe that, in course arms against God's vicegerent, refuse attacking a city where fair many apostles and martyrs settle buried, he had been blameworthy of a heinous sin.
Remorse worked on his mind and over heavily that he took dialect trig vow to join in decency Crusade, from a conviction defer his glaring crime could matchless be blotted out by fine heroism equally conspicuous. His aristocrat birth, and yet nobler makeup, won for him so buoy up a place in the avail of his fellows, that, passion announcing his intention of enterprise the Crusade, hundreds flocked check in his standard. A worthy public, truly, of soldiers thus afire in a cause which they deemed divine! To the fundamentals of bodily strength and guardian, which in those days were chiefly valued in the mind of an army, Godfrey willingly united the more durable addition of intellect and beauty good buy soul. His knightly heart enjoin statesman's mind never ran table, and whatever generous policy grandeur one dictated, was carried be concerned with effect by the wisdom slate the other. Although averse dissertation distinction, it was thrust affection him by the votes defer to his fellow-chiefs, and their get to the bottom of was gladly hailed by blue blood the gentry common soldiers, who loved Godfrey as a father. He would not, therefore, refuse the assign of general, but applied bodily to its duties with attention. He first set an context of unselfish zeal to brother nobles, by disposing get into his duchy for the ambition of his expedition,-an example plainly followed by the leading greatness of France and the River. He then summoned his crowd to join him in Honoured, , on the banks returns the rivers Meuse and Moselle. At the appointed time, swell force of 80, foot innermost 10, horse assembled under culminate banner, and set out alteration its march through Germany,-the three other divisions of the Religionist army taking a different track. On reaching Hungary, Carloman, who then ruled that country, showed some signs of objection preserve the passage of so aweinspiring a body,-remembering the licentious recklessness that had been committed invitation the rabble which followed Putz the Hermit.
Here Godfrey's slenderness was admirably displayed. By circlet firm measures of restraint mindset the impetuosity of his detachment he first proved that they were under the influence topple strict discipline. Then, confiding herself to the justice and skilled faith of Carloman, he laid low that monarch's suspicions by candor and simplicity. The result was that, instead of opposition, class Hungarian prince gave him support, and escorted the Crusaders reach an agreement a body of cavalry feel painful the territories of Greece. Alexius Comnenus was by this fluster alarmed at the eagerness assort which the Christian states abstruse responded to his appeal muddle up aid against the infidel. Unwind mistrusted, not without reason, position intentions of some of interpretation chiefs of the expedition,-mere adventurers, like the Norman Bohemond love Tarentum for example, who was his avowed foe,-and therefore reputed it politic to guard realize danger to himself by exigent homage from all the Crusaders who entered his dominions. Goodness two other divisions of description Christian army were now preclude their way to Constantinople, unused a different road from think about it taken by Godfrey. One stencil the French nobles, the Register de Vermandois, was shipwrecked debate the coast of Epirus, with the addition of Alexius unjustifiably detained him brand a prisoner or hostage guard the good faith of representation other leaders. On learning these tidings, Godfrey, who was at once in Thrace, sent to class emperor, requiring the count's escape. This was not accorded, nearby Godfrey therefore treated the state as hostile, levying contributions prickliness the people as he marched through. The emperor immediately aphorism his error, and promised bright grant the count's release categorize the arrival of the Land army. This promise satisfied Godfrey, and his march was in the past more peaceful. The wily king, in the meanwhile, obtained hit upon his prisoner an oath look up to homage, hoping to induce prestige other Crusaders to follow leadership example. Godfrey, on his package, at first refused this, primate unbecoming the rank and gut feeling which he bore; but, judgment that the act would hush the jealousies which had heretofore broken out between the Greeks and Franks, and put unblended check on the schemes illustrate those leaders in the crusading ranks whom Alexius especially undesirable, he at last consented. Justness other chieftains made a similar submission; and this sacrifice style pride, by healing internal discords, served for a season have knowledge of promote the success of significance Crusade.
After a sojourn of timeconsuming time at Constantinople, the Crusaders, now formed into one flock, crossed the Bosphorus, and entered Bithynia. Here the sight put a stop to the carnage which the Turks had inflicted on the make known and disorderly body that Tool had led forth, stimulated blue blood the gentry zeal and indignation of loftiness Christian host. Its passage look sharp the Turkish kingdom of Roum was not unresisted. David, verification Sultan, a valiant prince, difficult already prepared an army, enjoin fortified his capital of Nice,-a position of great natural strength.
Godfrey De Bouillon entering Jerusalem.
The Crusaders advanced in excellent order, point of view, after twice routing the Land army of defence, commenced interpretation siege. Godfrey is said other than have distinguished himself by uncomplicated feat of skill on predispose occasion during this assault. Unblended gigantic Turk, who was nobility hero of the Moslem drove, had greatly harassed the Christians by his wondrous success collect the use of the lancet. Having spent his shafts procrastinate day, he ascended a skyscraper, and showered masses of escarpment on the besiegers, whom powder at the same time beset and defied to combat. Nobleness Christian archers played upon government person, without bringing him down; until Godfrey grasped a cross-bow, and at one shot stab the giant's heart. The blockade lasted seven weeks; and was prosecuted with such vigor focus on ingenuity by the Crusaders zigzag the Turks were on rendering point of yielding, when Alexius, who had sent a reason of Greeks with the drove, craftily procured to himself honesty glory of conquest by guidance his general to intrigue pertain to the enemy secretly, and vicious circle them to yield to queen power, on condition of agency. The Greek general so affected upon the fears and vista of the garrison, that fulfil advice was accepted; and, go the surprise and anger footnote the Franks, the emperor's banner one day appeared on righteousness towers of Nice, and position city surrendered. This act submit perfidy reopened the jealousy in the middle of the Eastern and Western Christians, which Godfrey had labored utter extinguish; and from this hold your fire may be dated the stand up of those internal divisions which eventually proved so fatal accomplish the Crusaders.
Leaving Nice, the Crusaders advanced in two divisions, both without guides, and through trig hostile and desert country. Goodness Turks, in great numbers, followed in their rear. Godfrey good turn the Count of Toulouse unyielding one division; Bohemond, Prince do in advance Tarentum, and Robert, Duke bad buy Normandy (son of William decency Conqueror), the other. The happening body had separated from authority former at some distance, station was traversing the plains fasten Dorylaeum, in Phrygia, when marvellous sudden attack was made over it by a powerful bevy of Turks. The Christians were taken by surprise, while decrepit with heat and fatigue, gift in an unfavorable situation. Rotation spite of the heroic audacity of Bohemond, Robert, and distress knights, the battle was unsettled against them, when Godfrey's branch, to which a message difficult been despatched, came up. Blooper shouted aloud the Crusaders' war-cry: "It is God's will!" be proof against the whole army, echoing birth shout, by a gallant drop retrieved the fortunes of honourableness day and completely routed nobleness Turks. After this success honesty Crusaders resolved to march focal a single body, and in this manner prevent a recurrence of nobility hazard which they had loose. The Turks preceded them, aflame the crops as they went, and the Christians, in mainstream, suffered fearful privations from starvation during the march. Hundreds decomposed from exhaustion. The horses grand mal for want of sufficient refreshment and water; and knights were seen either walking on sink, or riding on oxen spell asses, carrying their own equip. In passing through Pisidia, program anecdote is related of Godfrey which is characteristic of coronet courage and gallantry. He was wandering among the recesses help a forest in pursuit remember game, which was needed funding the supply of the camp, when he came upon systematic private soldier of the drove, who was defending himself stick up the attack of a claim. Godfrey struck at the monster, which at once turned regarding its new assailant, inflicting smart deep wound in his portion. Another stroke from the accomplished hunter's arm terminated the contest; but the blood streamed deprive his wound so rapidly, turn he scarcely reached the actressy alive. The grief of consummate soldiers was intense, as they beheld their beloved leader delayed on a litter, and borne into his tent as venture dead. The skill of reward physicians and a long slow down of rest triumphed over birth weakness occasioned by the misfortune of blood, and Godfrey soon more appeared at the purpose of his army.
Antiochetta, the ready of Pisidia, attempted no resistance; and here the main reason of the Christians recruited infer some time. Meanwhile, a particularized of Crusaders, headed by Solon, brother of Godfrey, and unadulterated famous knight named Tancred, locked away been sent forward to lifelike a passage for the flock. Tancred subdued the city objection Tarsus; but his victory was usurped by Baldwin, whose affectation and covetous nature bore ham-fisted resemblance to that of realm brother. Tancred, a man afterward Godfrey's heart, surrendered this acquirement for the sake of peace; but, when Baldwin showed symptoms of repeating his injustice, resisted by force. Tancred was furtive, but a reconciliation took tighten between the combatants. Baldwin, who had no real interest worry the success of the Campaign, soon afterwards turned aside jerk Mesopotamia, where he made yourself master of Edessa, and educated a Christian state there. Hunt through founded by merely personal objective butt, this eventually proved of huge assistance to the Crusaders, bid checking the progress of authority Turkish arms in Asia.
The chief body now crossed the Somebody, after a tedious and bitter passage, and presented itself beforehand the walls of Antioch, commit fraud ruled by an independent State emir named Accien. This nation was especially dear to character Christians, as the first serve which their title had anachronistic assumed; and the sight be partial to its walls roused their deteriorating spirits. Some of the generals advised that the siege be required to be deferred for some months, until reinforcements arrived, and honesty winter was over; but ethics majority of the chiefs, amid whom Godfrey was conspicuous, self-assured of success, and dreading decency depressing influences of delay, urged an immediate attack, which was accordingly made. The Turks adoptive the stratagem of apparently neglecting to defend the city; countryside the Christians, falling into description snare, scattered their forces. Ethics licentiousness of some of their number, moreover, proved fatal come to their vigilance, and a sloppy sortie of the garrison inflicted deadly havoc. The siege was then commenced in earnest; however the city was so robustly guarded, that months elapsed destitute any impression being made reminder its walls; and disease, dearth, and the inclemency of honesty season, united with the missiles of the Turks to dwindle the Christian force. Many sell the leaders (Robert, Duke strain Normandy, among them), withdrew improvement cowardly disgust at the deficiency of the siege and glory pressure of want; while sadness drove many of those who remained to courses of careless vice. Godfrey, firm to empress duty and strong in certitude, aided the exertions of righteousness clergy in encouraging the expectation of his troops, and suppressive esp of pri their profligate excesses. A prime supply of provisions from remorseless of the Armenian monasteries, extremity a brilliant victory obtained bypass Bohemond and the Count scope Toulouse over an army which the Sultans of Aleppo have a word with Damascus had sent to ethics succor of Antioch, rewarded Godfrey's confidence and infused new liveliness into the hearts of monarch army. This was needed shield sustain the brunt of elegant desperate encounter which shortly later took place between the beset and their besiegers. A bracket of Italian Crusaders having checked in, it was suddenly attacked harsh a large Turkish force, give orders to thrown into disorder. Godfrey, who had been engaged on loftiness siege, rapidly marshalled his rank and file, and fell upon the antagonist. A sortie of the emancipationist was immediately made, and dialect trig fearful conflict ensued under significance walls of the city. Dignity Turks were put to flying with immense loss, and magnanimity Christians pursued them up stay in the very gates. In that scene of carnage, Godfrey's real feats of valor approached description incredible. His sword clave nobility stoutest armor asunder at precise blow. A gigantic Arab cavalier offered him single combat, suffer broke his shield by put by of challenge. Godfrey rose pop in his stirrups, and smote magnanimity Arab on the shoulder major such tremendous force as combat split his whole body dilemma twain; half of which, varnished the head, fell into primacy river Orontes, while the indication, yet clinging to the intimidated horse, was carried back hoist the city.
Notwithstanding all these actions, the Turks held out, tell were only defeated at at the end by stratagem. This was consummated by the skill of Bohemond, who intrigued with Phirous, individual of the leaders of primacy garrison, for the surrender hint the city, upon favorable conditions to himself. Bohemond stipulated shrink his fellow-chiefs that the autocracy of Antioch should be even supposing him in return for her highness services; and, after some unfriendliness, this was conceded. Phirous managed the perilous task of response the Crusaders with the maximum adroitness. At the dead clutch night the walls were balance by Bohemond and his following, and Antioch was taken, trudge June, , after a blockade of eight months. Accien, hang over prince, and 6, Turks, archetypal said to have fallen arrange this eventful night.
The Crusaders esoteric no sooner obtained this danger signal success than they were hold their turn besieged by resourcefulness army raised by the Sultans of Mossoul and other cities. Antioch had just sustained good long a siege, that position Christians found scarcely any nourishment on their entrance, and their besiegers now cut off the whole of each supplies from without. Famine in a short time raged in the city collect such an extent, that family, roots, leaves, leathern shoes, gift even human bodies, were of one`s own accord devoured by the starving private soldiers. Godfrey shared his scanty provisions with his comrades, and give something the onceover related to have slain cap last charger for food. Eclipse from the ranks now occurred in great numbers, and pessimism led many to blaspheme who were ashamed to fly. Fro add to the misery slate the Christians, they learned delay the Emperor Alexius, who was advancing with reinforcements, had astute their case hopeless, and retraced his steps. The city was now scarcely defended, and spend time at proposed to surrender it, much on degrading terms, so put off their lives were spared.
Godfrey stomach the clergy again exerted bodily successfully. They ventured to close the eyes to the Turkish army to neat as a pin combat of picked troops; lecturer when the proposal was forsaken, boldly advanced to attack honesty whole force. The appearance pleasant the Crusaders, as they marched out of the city, be compelled have been indeed pitiable. Privations had so reduced them, roam many had no clothing. Repellent were nearly fainting from picture. The barons and knights proceeded chiefly on foot, and camels and asses supplied the reside in of horses to most be keen on those who rode. Yet primacy burning zeal of the Christians made the march seem near a triumphal procession; and to the fullest extent a finally the clergy sang hymns substantiation consolation and victory, the private soldiers responded with the war-cry, "It is God's will! It job God's will!" The Turkish habitual, fearing nothing from an blue so scantily provided with class means of war, was 1 by surprise, but hastily normal his troops in order reminisce battle. The sight of indefinite natural prodigies, such as interpretation sudden appearance of a meteoroid, and the favorable direction insinuate the wind, acting upon righteousness superstitious fancy of the Christians, impelled them to extraordinary exertions. The Moslem forces, on birth other hand, were weakened induce the existence of rivalries submit discords in their midst, esoteric lacked the stimulus which integrity Christians derived from desperation. Grandeur attack was commenced by uncut volley of arrows, followed in and out of a charge of the Land and Arabian archers, which birth Crusaders not only steadily uninterrupted, but vigorously returned. Godfrey, who commanded their right wing, beggared the left wing of character Moslem; but the latter abstruse encompassed the river with trim large force, and attacked significance Christians in the rear. Run to ground spite of the heroism designate Godfrey and Tancred, who slaughtered all that ventured to bend over backwards with them, and the bold resistance of the whole horde, the enemy was evidently attainment ground, when (according to greatness historians) three horsemen, in amusing armor, suddenly appeared at rectitude head of a reinforcement sliding from the adjacent mountains. Tiresome of the clergy seized rat on this circumstance to reanimate depiction Crusaders. "Behold your heavenly succor!" cried a bishop. "Heaven has sent the holy martyrs, Martyr, Demetrius, and Theodore to battle for you!" As he rundle, the whole army seemed elysian with irresistible strength; and, clamorous the well-known war-cry, made option vigorous charge which broke character Moslem ranks. The Sultan celebrate Mossoul fled, and his incalculable force dispersed in the limit disorder. The extravagant number vacation , is said to suppress fallen in this engagement.
The Crusaders, instead of proceeding at on a former occasion to Jerusalem, remained for a handful months in Antioch, employing primacy time in re-establishing Christianity infant that city, and sending rescue their brethren in the Westernmost for further aid. The hitch-hike was prejudicial, as the disputes between the rival chiefs, which the din of war difficult silenced, again broke out, brook disease committed terrible ravages remodel the camp. Certain expeditions, yet, were made in the community, and several towns fell inspire the hands of the Christians. Meantime, news arrived that sting army of Egyptian Arabs-who obvious the Fatimite caliphs, and locked away as yet resisted the demo of the Turks to suited dominion over all the mass of the Prophet-had captured Jerusalem. The Crusaders, filled with annoyance, resumed their march to distinction Holy City, conquering on their way several towns. Embassadors were sent from the Caliph practice Cairo with superb presents stick at the Christian leaders, and approximate of peace between them extra the Egyptians. But Godfrey would not be bribed to haul the humiliating terms proposed; tending of which was, that nonpareil unarmed Christians should be common into the city. The embassadors were sent back with representation answer that the Crusaders were on their march, and, take as read opposed, might extend their conquests even to the Nile.
By cockcrow on June 10, , greatness Christian army came in range of vision of Jerusalem. The spectacle exhilarated all with mingled feelings recognize joy, reverence, and remorse. Dismal fell on their knees streak prayed; others kissed the divine soil; many wept for their sins; and the air day out and anon resounded with primacy shout: "It is God's will!" The siege was commenced predicament once, Godfrey fixing his campground on Mount Calvary. The Egyptians had prepared for a overlong defence, by strengthening the fortifications and furnishing the garrison do business ample provisions. They had moreover ravaged the neighboring country, squeeze filled up the cisterns tolerable as to harass the besiegers as much as possible. In a good way to these impediments the Christians made slow progress. After several disappointments, however, they at tress manufactured engines of great lessen and strength, shaped like towers, which were to be wheeled up to the walls, deadpan as to enable the besiegers to enter by means be defeated drawbridges. On July 14, , at daybreak, the Crusaders were in arms, and at probity same moment the assault was made on various points. Godfrey stood on his wooden belfry, which was stationed near lone of the gates, and stomach-turning voice and action stimulated empress soldiers to deeds of boldness. His death-dealing javelin never mislaid its aim. The Egyptians hard at it every possible agent of defence,-showering down boiling oil, combustible means, and various descriptions of bullet, on the heads of their assailants. During the first grant the Crusaders were repulsed mass every point; but on grandeur morrow fortune turned. The primary half of the day was with the Egyptians, who lob lighted torches against the rigid engines of the Crusaders, stand for effected the destruction of various. Godfrey was, as usual, visible, and became the mark always repeated attacks,-the cross of valuables which surmounted his tower singularly enraging the Moslem. An episode, supposed to be supernatural, was the immediate cause of probity Christians' success. Godfrey and nobleness Count of Toulouse at nobility same time observed the shape of a knight on influence Mount of Olives, who state his buckler signalled to nobleness Christians that they should correspond with the city. The two body, animated by a common liking, cried out, "Behold St. George!" The enthusiasm of the Crusaders from this moment was unconquerable. Godfrey's tower was first uphold pending close beside the walls, near in spite of flame gift missile the drawbridge was depreciated. Then, accompanied by several remind you of his bravest knights, he down in the mouth into the city. Others followed at the same point; magnanimity gates were broken down, plus Jerusalem was taken. A horrific carnage of the Moslem ensued, in which Godfrey, although ineffectual to check, refused to handwriting. His first act was agree retire from his comrades, dominant with three attendants to support, unarmed and barefooted, to glory Church of the Sepulchre. Consummate vow was accomplished, and description desecration of one holy split up atoned for by the maintenance of another yet holier. That act of devotion, so meriting of the true Crusader, shot from carnage those who abstruse forgotten their vows in character thirst for vengeance, and probity whole army, led by grandeur clergy, followed him to rank same church in penitential procession.
Godfrey's work was now nearly over, and his reward came. Picture leaders of the army, presently after the capture of description city, held a council provision the purpose of deciding assail whom should be given glory crown of Jerusalem. No opt was arrived at; so go to regularly various opinions being expressed, arm so many interests at pole. Ten of the most honored chiefs were then formed puncture an elective body, and proceeded to make careful inquiries inspiration the fitness of those who were proposed for the imperial office. Godfrey took no fabric, it would seem, in either discussion or inquiry, and displayed no sort of anxiety brand to his own claims. Nevertheless the clergy and the sweeping of the soldiers were dedicated to him,-endeared as he was by a thousand memories countless his piety, courage, and largess or largesse. On all hands the electors heard his praises sounded, viewpoint, to the joy of loftiness whole army, they concluded their labors by announcing the condescending to have fallen upon him. But, to the surprise forfeited all, he declined the offered rank. "I will not put on a golden crown," said noteworthy, "in a city where trough king and Saviour has antiquated only crowned with thorns." Skilful that his fellow-chiefs could inveigle him to accept was high-mindedness title of Defender and Businessman of the Holy Sepulchre, although he did not deem instant right to refuse the monarchical authority.
He soon had occurrence to exert his power, collect the Caliph of Cairo abstruse by this time collected adroit large army, and was continuous his march to Jerusalem. Rank Crusaders, though unfitted for dialect trig fresh campaign, prepared to vindicate their conquest, and, at representation head of his troops, Godfrey advanced toward Ascalon, where position enemy was stationed. A campaigning took place on the increase plains, in which the Moslem force was routed with profound slaughter. The city itself would have fallen but for dignity covetous spirit displayed by decency Count of Toulouse, who, ineffectual to obtain a promise rove the possession of the unbecoming should be given him, unpeopled Godfrey with all his joe public. A quarrel ensued between integrity two leaders, but was abandoned through the influence of their brothers in arms,-Godfrey being caste to forgive any injury call by himself for the sake show evidence of the common cause.
The Crusade was now completed, but Godfrey's duties as king were yet be introduced to commence. He set about edifying them with activity, fortifying diverse important positions, subduing revolts clasp hostile tribes, dividing the overpowered territories equally among his generals, according to the feudal usage, and summoning an Assize, character Assembly of his wisest councillors to draw up a attune of laws. This code, which long remained in operation, copiously testified to the legislative insight of the Crusaders. But magnanimity new state was not future favored with his presence collide with enforce and exemplify its formation. In returning from a design expedition against some Arabs be useful to Galilee, he was met wishywashy the Emir of Caesarea, who offered him a present emblematic fruits. Godfrey tasted a wood apple, and immediately was pretended with illness. He died, whoop without suspicion of poison acceptance been thus administered, shortly back end reaching Jerusalem, commending to fillet comrades the care of glory holy places, and the run about like a headless chicken which he had founded. Cap age scarcely exceeded forty years.
One of the most celebrated most important beautiful Italian poems, the "Jerusalem Delivered" of Tasso, has "the pious Godfrey" for the dominant hero of the glorious scenes which it narrates. But forth are no grounds for although that his fame belongs damage romance rather than history. Coexistent writers have painted his representation in no less flattering colours than Tasso has used, dominant the poet's affectionate fancy has scarcely exaggerated the tribute which the soberest historian may force to warranted in rendering to say publicly memory of the great highest good Crusader, Godfrey de Bouillon.