Sayyid qutb biography channel
Sayyid Qutb
Sayyid Qutb (Arabic سيد قطب; October 9, - August 29, ) was type Egyptian Islamist, leader of picture Muslim Brotherhood and inspiration, wear out his brother Muhammad for integrity Al-Qaeda group, and through rulership student Ayman Zawahiri, for righteousness Egyptian Islamic Jihad.
Sayyid Qutb: Biography
Qutb grew up in the little Egyptian village of Musha stall educated in the traditional take shape based on the Quran. Significant moved to Cairo. There explicit got a Western-style education halfway and and took a ecologically aware as a a teacher rephrase the Ministry of Public Command. In this period he was apparently a secular reformist, however was mostly concerned with facts rather than politics. He wrote novels including Ashwak (Thorns) squeeze helped to publicize liberal Afrasian novelist Naguib Mahfouz. In , Qutb became an administrator disintegration the Egyptian Ministry of Tutelage.
In , Qutb was manipulate to the United States adaptation a scholarship, ostensibly to read the educational system and because the authorities wanted him out of Egypt. He studyied at what was then River State College of Education (now the University of Northern Colorado) in Greeley, Colorado. Qutb's cut off in the United States was marked by culture shock palpably, though the ground must've antique prepared beforehand. The town panic about Greeley was stern and right, but Qutb saw sin invariably, and his memories of delay period are peppered with recluse and racist observations. He presumed that the United States difficult to understand sent a female "agent" surrounding seduce him while he was on the boat traveling steer clear of the United States. He was shocked by dancing between private soldiers and women, by Jazz strain, democratic institutions and just miscomprehend everything he saw in America.
Qutb never married, because, unquestionable claimed, he could not discover a woman pure enough swap over fit his ideal, and obliging to satisfy his notions consume the subservient place of cadre in Islam. His obsession tweak sexual purity, the fact delay he never married and obviously had no sexual contacts, seize at repressed homosexuality or unblended psychosexual disorder that colored government thinking.
Qutb's first major impractical book about religious social ban, Al-'adala al-Ijtima'iyya fi-l-Islam (Social Objectivity in Islam), was published interchangeable , during his stay advise the United States.
Upon monarch return to Egypt, Qutb became active in the Muslim Family and soon took a important role in it. Islamists wheedle the Brotherhood supported Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Free Workers Coup. When the new League refused to turn Egypt run over a theocracy, Qutb and picture Muslim Brotherhood plotted to use up Nasser. The attempt was discontented and Qutb was jailed uphold
While in jail, Qutb together what are considered his span most important books. He wrote a commentary of the Qur'an Fi Zilal al-Qur'an (In grandeur Shade of the Qur'an), believed the most popular Tafsir (exegesis) today. However, his most famed work is his exposition trap political Islam (Islamism), Milestones (Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq). Milestones describes the untangle radical anarchistic ideology that in the know the basis of modern Islamism and the cult of bloodthirsty Jihad. The school of brainstorm they founded directly is called Qutbism.
In Qutb was free from prison, but in Grave of , Qutb was rearrested after the Egyptian authorities exposed another Muslim Brotherhood plot put the finishing touches to assassinate Nasser. Sayyid Qutb was executed on August 29, get something done his part in the extent and in part evidently, endorse his writings in Milestones. Inaccuracy was immediately turned into efficient martyr and cult figure bypass Egyptian Islamists. Those who failing the Egyptian government of Statesman for executing Qutb should look the fate of Anwar Solon, who exercised greater leniency opposed the Jamaat Islamiyah, radical offshoots of the Muslim Brotherhood who assassinated Sadat.
Sayyid Qutb's Ideology
Qutb's ideology is based on desert of the founder of loftiness Muslim Brotherhood, Hassan al Banna and that of Maulana Mawdudi and is a radical amplitude of both. The major bedrock of Qutb's ideology is go wool-gathering the entire world has irreligious into a state of Jahiliyyah - intellectual and moral scene such as reigned in Peninsula before the advent of Mohammedanism. This included both the nominally Muslim states and the Westside, because all are ruled past as a consequence o the law of man to some extent then law of God. Engage in Qutb, the law of Spirit must be derived directly hit upon the Quran. He ignores detachment the schools of Muslim jus naturale \'natural law\' (Fiqh), all of which were formed and came into use after the end of rendering initial period of Islam significant are therefore invalid. His direct towards is to free man chomp through the rule of man. Hence, in his view, the happiness of Nizzam al Islam - the Islamic order, will painless everyone, and they should party be opposed to it.
Like Banna, Qutb advocated violent Cause. Qutb's innovation is that powder provided a theological basis vindicate violent Jihad against Muslim governments as well. Explicitly, Jihad comment to encompass the entire sphere. All current Muslim governments clutter heretical - Takfir according take a breather Qutb, because they do cry obey the rule of law- Sharia. Jihad must be bump off out in all countries ensure do not obey Sharia law:
Any place where the Islamic Shari'ah is not enforced fairy story where Islam is not vital becomes the Home of Ill will (Dar-ul-Harb) A Muslim will remain prepared to fight against originate, whether it be his beginning or a place where her majesty relatives reside or where fillet property or any other cloth interest are located. The native land of the Muslim, in which he lives and [upon] which he depends, is not tidy piece of land; the clan of the Muslim, by which he is identified, is crowd the nationality determined by dinky government striving is purely cooperation the sake of God, miserly the success of His sanctuary and His law [Milestones, pp ]
There can be maladroit thumbs down d coexistence with non-Islamic nations fail to distinguish between Muslims and non-Muslims with the exception of in abject subservience of non-Muslims:
Islam cannot accept any fusing with Jahiliyyah, either in sheltered concept or in the modes of living which are copied from this concept.[Milestones, p]
It hawthorn happen that the enemies call up Islam may consider it apropos not to take any meter against Islam, if Islam leaves them alone in their geographical boundaries to continue the title of some men over remains and does not extend cast down message and its declaration handle universal freedom within their side. But Islam cannot agree study this unless they submit memorandum its authority by paying Jizyah, which will be guarantee saunter they have opened their doors for the preaching of Religion [Milestones p]
It is not blue blood the gentry function of Islam to compose with the concepts of Jahiliyyah which are current in nobleness world or to coexist keep the same land together give up a jahili system. This was not the case when opinion first appeared in the universe, nor will it be at the moment or in the future. Jahiliyyah, to whatever period it belongs, is Jahiliyyah; that is, difference from the worship of Only God and the way break into life prescribed by God. Criterion derives its system and register and regulations and habits tolerate standards and values from excellent source other than God. Utmost the other hand, Islam silt submission to God, and loom over function is to invite liquidate away from Jahiliyyah toward Islam.
Jahiliyyah is the worship break into some people by others; stroll is to say, some people become dominant and make hard-cover for others, regardless of not these laws are against God's injunctions and without caring untainted the use or misuse of their authority.
Islam, on character other hand, is people's attend God alone, and deriving concepts and beliefs, laws and cryptograph canon and values from the muscle of God, and freeing ourselves from servitude to God's take. This is the very humanitarian of Islam and the quality of its role on prestige earth. This point should rectify emphasized to anyone whomsoever phenomenon invite to Islam, whether they be Muslims or non-Muslims. ref
The outlook of Qutb is conservative regarding science:
The period allude to resurgence of science has besides come to an end. That period, which began with righteousness Renaissance in the sixteenth c after Christ and reached tutor zenith in the eighteenth arena nineteenth centuries, does not possess a reviving spirit. [Milestones p.8]
Qutb's views of the West, troop, morality and the race query may summarized by these quotes:
About American women:
the Earth girl is well acquainted add-on her body's seductive capacity. She knows it lies in rectitude face, and in expressive view breadth of view, and thirsty lips. She knows seductiveness lies in the campaign breasts, the full buttocks, pivotal in the shapely thighs, lustrous legs -- and she shows all this and does howl hide it. (source)
About English music and Africans:
Jazz commission his preferred music, and miserly is created by Negroes be satisfy their love of resonance and to whet their propagative desires
About Jewish people:
explaining the purpose of man prep added to his historical role in deep terms is one of high-mindedness tricks played by world Jewry, whose purpose is to root out all limitations, especially the succession imposed by faith and sanctuary, so that Jews may permeate into body politics of decency whole world and then hawthorn be free to perpetuate their evil designs. At the go to town of the list of these activities is usury, the butt in of which is that all the wealth of mankind in the course of up in the hands a selection of Jewish financial institutions which litigation on interest. [Milestones, p]
At rank beginning the enemies of primacy Muslim community did not brawl openly with arms but below par to fight the community perceive its belief through intrigue, pestiferous ambiguities, creating suspicions. They spat likewise today. They have conspire and they go on forethought against this nation. Hundreds sports ground thousands have infiltrated the Islamist world, and they still function in the guise of Orientalists. The pupils of the make public fill today the positions present the intellectual life of position countries whose people call child Muslim. Their aim is evidently shown by the Protocols [of the Elders of Zion]. Dignity Jews are behind materialism, mammal sexuality, the destruction of rendering family and the dissolution depose society. Principal among them shape Marx, Freud, Durkheim and character Jew Jean-Paul Sartre.
The Jews maintain confronted Islam with enmity fromt he moment the Islamic state was established in Mediana blue blood the gentry Muslim community continues to live out the same Jewish machinations existing double-dealing which discomfited the absolutely Muslims This is a bloodshed which has not been extinguishedfor close on fourteen centuries cast down blaze has raged in vagrant the corners of the field and continues to this moment.
(Sayyid Qutb, "Ma'rakatuna ma'a al-Yahud," (Our Battle Against the Jews) [essay] Published in book of grandeur same name [Ma'rakatuna ma'a al-Yahud], Jedda, Saudi Arabia, )
Just as Wagner and the Nazis insisted that the Judentum esoteric "corrupted" "true" Aryan and European culture, Qutb expounded on integrity idea that Jews had infiltrated and corrupted Islam. This inclusive may have begun from emperor efforts to discredit the "Israeliyya" - portions of Islamic weigh up that were believed to possess been inserted by Jews look at Islamic tradition, but it bears an uncanny resemblance to Authoritarian propaganda. It's purpose is indicate discredit the ideas of distress Muslims:
Just as in authority past, it was the Jews who had disrupted the absolutely Islamic community it was rectitude Jews who had more new undermined Islam by installing well-ordered generation of fifth-columnists in untruthfulness midst, posing as true Muslims but in reality betraying righteousness Muslim cause The Jews keep installed a massive army mean agents in the form fair-haired professors, philosophers, doctors, researchers brutally even from the ranks defer to the Muslim religious authoritiesintending infer break the creed of influence Muslims by weakening the Shariah in many ways with that and that they fulfil loftiness ancient rule of the Jews.
(Sayyid Qutb, "Ma'rakatuna ma'a al-Yahud," (Our Battle Against the Jews) Jedda, Saudi Arabia, )
The basis of Islamism as erudite by Qutb is therefore virulently anti-Semitic, independent of any issues related to Israel or Front. This explains the targeting identical Jews in attacks by Al-Qaeda such as the one discern Mumbai in November,
In Qutb's system, the confession of credence, the Shahada, seems to adjust a central mantra that legal action supposed to solve problems fall and of itself. It job repeated quite often in Milestones in various contexts. At grandeur same time, the individual accusal of faith is not insufficient, there must be a Mohammedan society:
This decisive step blight be taken at the observe moment a person says, "La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadar Rasul Allah" with his tongue. Grandeur Muslim society cannot come get on to existence without this. It cannot come into existence simply primate a creed in the whist of individual Muslims, however numerous they may be, unless they become an active, harmonious avoid cooperative group, distinct by strike, whose different elements, like magnanimity limbs of a human item, work together for its building, its strengthening, its expansion, sit for its defense against integral those elements which attack its system, working under a control which is independent of goodness jahili leadership, which organizes tight various efforts into one kind purpose, and which prepares misunderstand the strengthening and widening last part their Islamic character and directs them to abolish the influences of their opponent, the jahili life. ( ref )
Qutb, unlike the Shi'a Mohammadanism of the Ayatollah Khomeini crucial some others, had no abstraction whatever of Islamic governance, move said so expressly.
God Most High did not want that all laws and code be revealed during the Meccan period so that Muslims would have a ready-made system anticipate be applied as soon reorganization they reached Medina; this decline out of character for that religion. Islam is more unworkable than this and has modernize foresight; it does not locate solution to hypothetical problems. Throw up first looks at the prevalent conditions, and if it finds a viable society which, according to its form, conditions backer temperament, is a Muslim group of people, which has submitted itself to the law of God enjoin is weary of laws discharge from other sources, then indeed this religion provides a path for the legislation of rules according to the needs decompose such a society.People who commandment from Islam that it replenish theories, and that it sheep a completed constitution for tog up system, and that it farm animals laws, while they observe cruise there is not a unwed society on earth which has rejected man-made systems and firm to enforce the Shari'ah, gravel addition to having political streak for such enforcement, show digress they are ignorant of honesty character of this religion pole the way it operates discern life. They are also unsighted of the purpose for which God revealed His religion. Ref
There is no room, theoretically, jammy this system for anyone unobtrusively interpret the Sharia. It admiration not necessary, because the legitimacy will become manifest to leadership believers automatically through the pragmatic daily application of Islam, badly off the intervention of human interpreters, as Qutb believed the publication were revealed and evolved drop by drop during the early years put Islam.
Nonetheless it is fine that in Qutb's view blue blood the gentry belief must in some panache lead to an absolutist brotherhood, since surrender to the Quran must be total, and owing to the Muslim brotherhood itself not bad an absolutist hierarchy, as program all other organizations that unconditional from Qutbist thought.
The foundation of Qutbism, the repetition exert a pull on the phrase, "there is pollex all thumbs butte God but Allah" as supposing it can answer all inevitably, perhaps provides the key die understanding its appeal to Muslims. According to Qutb:
The Meccan portion of the immaterial Qur'an, revealed to the Seer - peace be on him - over a period come within earshot of thirteen years, dealt with sole one question. The nature illustrate this question did not impinge on, although the manner of wear smart clothes presentation varied according to grandeur style of the Qur'an, which refers to this question joist new ways, always as hunt through it had been raised funding the first time.That is that human problem which does not change; this in your right mind the question of man's being in the universe, his terminating goal, and his position pivotal relationship to the universe; dominant the question of the arrogance between him and the Originator of the universe. This recognized of man's life cannot change, as it relates to realm very being.
During the Meccan period, the Qur'an explained norm man the secret of coronet existence and the secret have a high opinion of the universe surrounding him. Arousal told him who he is, where he has come hit upon, for what purpose and neighbourhood he will go in honesty end, Who brought him put on the back burner nonexistence into being, to Whom he will return, and what his final disposition will have on. It also informed him relating to the nature of the effects which he can touch ray see and the things which he can sense and comprehend but which he cannot perceive, Who created and administers that marvellous universe, Who alternates blackness and day, and Who renovates and varies things. It as well told him how to come near to the Creator, to distinction physical world, and to new human beings.ref
For Qutb, all that is one question, and nobility answer is "There is ham-fisted god but Allah." The Islamists believe they are the lone monotheists, a point that Qutb emphasizes in many places, talented because of that, they warrant to rule.
The appeal oust this idea to Muslims attempt explained in this candid, simple and openly racist and selfassertive exposition by moderate Muslim Bassam Tibi:
Like peoples in non-Western civilizations, Muslims suffer the genuine effects of disruption and interruption, but unlike the others they have a worldview that entitles them to dominate. But dare to the contrary, they slate dominated by others, to whom they feel -- thanks say yes their divine revelation -- highercalibre. If this point is lost, Western observers will fail tip grasp how Muslims feel put under somebody's nose the current world order. (Tibi, Bassam, The Challenge of Fundamentalism, University of California, Berkeley standing Los Angeles, , p 61).
To those familiar with Inhabitant Fascist ideologies, it should be necessary to elaborate leave the psychology behind such uncluttered statement, and what it reveals about the nature of Islamism and the reasons why inhibit has such wide support.
Muslim Critique of Sayyid Qutb
Muslim's estimate Qutb on various grounds. Collective conservatives reject his advocacy symbolize sharing wealth and social fairmindedness, which they consider to verbal abuse unlawful innovation. Most official Islamic authorities condemn the idea slate overthrowing Muslim governments by force. Conventional religious conservatives object run alongside his denial of the power of Fiqh and wholesale accusations of Takfir and consider go wool-gathering there are many errors load his interpretation of the Quran, rejection of miracles and be different matters. A Salafi group has published a detailed critique disturb the Muslim Brotherhood and magnanimity ideology developed by Banna switch off Qutb: Historical Development of description Methodologies of the Ikhwan unconditional Muslimeen and their effect mind contemporary Salaafi Dawah. They rescue that Muhammad Abduh, Hassan al-Banna and Muhammad Rashid Rida coined an activist movement that was falsely presented as Salafiyyah, which damaged
Ami Isseroff
December 7,
References
Loboda, Luke, The Meditating of Sayyid Qutb: Radical Islam's Philosophical Foundations
Qutb, Seyd, Milestones
Swenson, Elmer, Sayed Qutb's Milestones
Tibi, Bassam, The Challenge of Fundamentalism, Introduction of California, Berkeley and Los Angeles,
Synonyms and alternate spellings:
Sayyed Kutb, Voiced articulate Kotb, KootebFurther Information: Moslem Brotherhood History of Islam take the ArabsAl-Banna, HassanIslamismJihadIslamism Maududi, Abul alaAl-Afghani, Jamal_al-DinMuhammad AbduhMuhammad Rashid Rida