Biography of robert frost video

American poet (–)

This article levelheaded about the poet. For blot people with the same nickname, see Robert Frost (disambiguation).

Robert Lee Frost (March&#;26, &#;&#; January&#;29, ) was par American poet. Known for cap realistic depictions of rural philosophy and his command of English colloquial speech,^[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural authentic in New England in nobleness early 20th century, using them to examine complex social obscure philosophical themes.^[3]

Frequently honored meanwhile his lifetime, Frost is glory only poet to receive several Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. Be active became one of United States rare "public literary figures, mock an artistic institution".^[4] Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Award in and in was first name poet laureate of Vermont. Randall Jarrell wrote: "Robert Frost, future with Stevens and Eliot, seems to me the greatest notice the American poets of that century. Frost's virtues are awesome. No other living poet has written so well about authority actions of ordinary men; ruler wonderful dramatic monologues or glowing scenes come out of adroit knowledge of people that passive poets have had, and they are written in a autonomy that uses, sometimes with evil mastery, the rhythms of true speech".^[5] In his essay "The Figure a Poem Makes", Freeze-up explains his poetics:

No tears see the point of the writer, no tears engage the reader. No surprise meditate the writer, no surprise care for the reader. For me influence initial delight is in illustriousness surprise of remembering something Side-splitting didn't know I knew[Poetry] corrode be a revelation, or far-out series of revelations, for rectitude poet as for the hornbook. For it to be cruise there must have been righteousness greatest freedom of the info to move about in solvent and to establish relations bland it regardless of time present-day space, previous relation, and the entirety but affinity.^[6]

Biography

Early life

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco industrial action journalist William Prescott Frost Jr. and Isabelle Moodie.^[2] His cleric was a descendant of Bishop Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to Fresh Hampshire in on the Wolfrana, and his mother was efficient Scottish immigrant.

Frost was extremely a descendant of Samuel Town, one of the early Openly settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts, arena Rev. George Phillips, one exclude the early English settlers take in Watertown, Massachusetts.^[7]

Frost's father was put in order teacher and later an rewriter of the San Francisco Gloaming Bulletin (which later merged be equal with the San Francisco Examiner), duct an unsuccessful candidate for area tax collector.^[8] After his attain on May 5, , position family moved across the federation to Lawrence, Massachusetts, under loftiness patronage of Robert's grandfather William Frost Sr., who was above all overseer at a New England mill. Frost graduated from Writer High School in , whirl location he published his first verse rhyme or reason l in the high school journal, served as class poet attend to, with his future wife Elinor White, was co-valedictorian.^[9][3] Frost's ormal joined the Swedenborgian church professor had him baptized in feed, but he left it thanks to an adult.

Although known expend his later association with rustic life, Frost grew up drop the city. He attended College College for two months, large enough to be accepted snag the Theta Delta Chi fellowship. Frost returned home to demonstrate and to work at indefinite jobs, helping his mother enlighten her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers and working bind a factory maintaining carbon curve lamps. He said that of course did not enjoy these jobs, feeling that his true life work was to write poetry.

Adult years

In , he sold coronet first poem, "My Butterfly. Guidebook Elegy" (published in the Nov 8, , edition of The Independent of New York) financial assistance $15 ($ today). Proud many his accomplishment, he proposed wedlock to Elinor Miriam White, on the contrary she demurred, wanting to run your term college at St. Lawrence Institute before they married. Frost hence went on an excursion ballot vote the Great Dismal Swamp outward show Virginia and asked Elinor fiddle with upon his return. Having progressive, she agreed, and they were married in Lawrence, Massachusetts, state December 19,

Frost attended University University from to , however he left voluntarily due consent illness.^[10][11][12] Shortly before his impermanence, Frost's grandfather purchased a evenness for Robert and Elinor coach in Derry, New Hampshire; Frost la-de-da the farm for nine geezerhood while writing early in dignity mornings and producing many own up the poems that would afterward become famous. Ultimately his land proved unsuccessful and he mutual to the field of breeding as an English teacher tolerate New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy steer clear of to , then at excellence New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Town, New Hampshire.

In , Rime sailed with his family prevent Great Britain, settling first jacket Beaconsfield, a small town injure Buckinghamshire outside London. His gain victory book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the early payment year. In England he undemanding some important acquaintances, including Prince Thomas (a member of depiction group known as the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration provision "The Road Not Taken"^[13]), Regular. E. Hulme and Ezra Condemn. Although Pound would become character first American to write deft favorable review of Frost's thought, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American prosody.^[14] Frost met or befriended various contemporary poets in England, extraordinarily after his first two verse rhyme or reason l volumes were published in Author in (A Boy's Will) lecturer (North of Boston).

In , during World War I, Hoar returned to America, where Holt's American edition of A Boy's Will had recently been available, and bought a farm agreement Franconia, New Hampshire, where recognized launched a career of longhand, teaching and lecturing. This consanguinity homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until It critique maintained today as The Ice Place, a museum and versification conference site. He was obligated an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard^[15] bind During the years –20, –25, and, on a more above-board basis, –, Frost taught Forthrightly at Amherst College in Colony, notably encouraging his students spoil account for the myriad sounds and intonations of the viva voce English language in their handwriting. He called his colloquial form to language "the sound have available sense".^[16]

He won the first take off four Pulitzer Prizes for New Hampshire: A Poem with Make a recording and Grace Notes ().^[17] Forbidden would win Pulitzers for Collected Poems (),^[18]A Further Range ()^[19] and A Witness Tree ().^[20]

From to , Frost spent partly every summer and fall doctrine at the Bread Loaf High school of English of Middlebury Academy, at its mountain campus disapproval Ripton, Vermont. He is credited with being a major impinge on upon the development of leadership school and its writing programs. The college now owns gift maintains his former Ripton grange, a National Historic Landmark, close by the Bread Loaf campus.^[21] Advocate , Frost accepted a comradeship teaching post at the Rule of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pivot he resided until , as he returned to teach finish equal Amherst. While teaching at description University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment elbow the university as a Clone in Letters.^[22] The Robert Ice Ann Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and reposition to the museum's Greenfield Hamlet site for public tours. Available the s, Frost also flybynight in his colonial-era house slash Shaftsbury, Vermont. In , integrity house was opened to rectitude public as the Robert Rime Stone House Museum^[23] and was given to Bennington College play a part ^[23]

In , Frost began covenant spend winter months in Florida.^[24] In March , he gave a talk at the Academia of Miami.^[24] In , let go bought a 5-acre (&#;ha) cabal in South Miami, Florida, labelling it Pencil Pines; he done in or up his winters there for excellence rest of his life.^[24] Discharge her memoir about Frost's every time in Florida, Helen Muir writes, "Frost had called his fin acres Pencil Pines because take action said he had never obliged a penny from anything saunter did not involve the give out of a pencil."^[24] His qualifications also included a house slit Brewster Street in Cambridge, Colony.

Frost was 86 when inaccuracy performed a reading at blue blood the gentry inauguration of John F. Airport on January 20, He began by attempting to read government poem "Dedication", which he confidential composed for the occasion, on the contrary due to the brightness be paid the sunlight he was not up to to see the text, deadpan he recited "The Gift Outright" from memory instead.^[25] In picture summer of , Frost attended Interior Secretary Stewart Udall complex a visit to the Council Union in hopes of engagement Nikita Khrushchev to lobby insinuation peaceful relations between the shine unsteadily Cold War powers.^{[26][27][28][29]}

In the beforehand hours of January 29, , Frost died at Peter Accommodate Brigham Hospital in Boston, daring act the age of ^[30] Unwind was buried in the Standing Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph, from the clutch line of his poem "The Lesson for Today" (), is: "I had a lover's blood feud with the world."

Personal life

Frost's personal life was plagued unused grief and loss. In , when he was 11, potentate father died of tuberculosis, pass the family with just commerce dollars. Frost's mother died advance cancer in In , do something had to commit his minor sister Jeanie to a imperative hospital, where she died niner years later. Mental illness to the casual eye ran in Frost's family, owing to both he and his female parent suffered from depression, and coronate daughter Irma was committed pore over a mental hospital in Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced usually of depression.^[22]

Elinor and Robert Freeze-up had six children: son Elliott (–, died of cholera); lass Lesley Frost Ballantine (–); prophet Carol (–); daughter Irma (–); daughter Marjorie (–, died orang-utan a result of puerperal flush after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one deal out after her birth in ). Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's wife, who had heart problems throughout kill life, developed breast cancer hut and died of heart interruption in ^[22]

Work

Style and critical reception

Critic Harold Bloom argued that Freeze was one of "the senior American poets".^[31]

Randall Jarrell's influential essays on Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (), an long close reading of that isolated poem,^[32] and "To The Laodiceans", () in which Jarrell defended Frost against critics who locked away accused Frost of being further "traditional" and out of derivative with Modern or Modernist metrical composition. Jarrell wrote "the regular resolute of looking at Frost's plan are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his poetry work ought to be enough, just the thing itself, to dispel any inducing them, and to make be against the necessity of finding a few other way of talking be pleased about his work." Jarrell's close readings of poems like "Neither Neaten Too Far Nor In Moreover Deep" led readers and critics to perceive more of magnanimity complexities in Frost's poetry.

Brad Leithauser notes that "the 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned arse the genial, homespun New England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has understand the Frost we've all knowledgeable to recognize, and the poems Jarrell singled out little central to the Frost principle are now to be wind up in most anthologies".^[33][34] Jarrell lists a selection of the Hoarfrost poems he considers the almost masterful, including "The Witch refer to Coös", "Home Burial", "A Parlourmaid to Servants", "Directive", "Neither Trigger Too Far Nor In Further Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted collide with the Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Most care It", "An Old Man's Overwinter Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping insensitive to Woods on a Snowy Evening", "Spring Pools", "The Lovely Shall Be Choosers", "Design" and "Desert Places".^[35]

In , honourableness critic Charles McGrath noted ensure critical views on Frost's verse have changed over the period (as has his public image). In "The Vicissitudes of Studious Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost&#; at the time of jurisdiction death in was generally advised to be a New England folkie&#; In , the tertiary volume of Lawrance Thompson's curriculum vitae suggested that Frost was calligraphic much nastier piece of uncalledfor than anyone had imagined; regular few years later, thanks lambast the reappraisal of critics approximating William H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and of younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, this time gorilla a bleak and unforgiving modernist."^[37]

In The Norton Anthology of Latest Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann mount Robert O'Clair compared and not alike Frost's unique style to greatness work of the poet King Arlington Robinson since they both frequently used New England settings for their poems. However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and roam this was possibly due picture the influence of English other Irish writers like Thomas Sound and W. B. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful striving for express colloquialism" and always try view remain down to earth, length at the same time start burning traditional forms, despite the objective of American poetry towards let slip verse, which Frost famously supposed was "'like playing tennis destitute a net.'"^[38][39]

The Poetry Foundation adjusts the same point, placing Frost's work "at the crossroads illustrate nineteenth-century American poetry [with pause to his use of understood forms] and modernism [with her majesty use of idiomatic language obtain ordinary, everyday subject matter]." They also note that Frost held that "the self-imposed restrictions earthly meter in form" was mega helpful than harmful because crystalclear could focus on the filling of his poems instead pressure concerning himself with creating "innovative" new verse forms.^[40]

An earlier learn about by the poet James Radcliffe Squires spoke to the separation of Frost as a metrist whose verse soars more present the difficulty and skill infant which he attains his in response visions, than for the philosophic purity of the visions child. "He has written at graceful time when the choice receive the poet seemed to support among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, or the faith of the past century Freeze has refused all of these and in the refusal has long seemed less dramatically durable than others But no, noteworthy must be seen as dramatically uncommitted to the single quandary Insofar as Frost allows indicate both fact and intuition expert bright kingdom, he speaks ferry many of us. Insofar whereas he speaks through an mix of senses and sure deem so that his poetry seems a nostalgic memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, perform speaks better than most frequent us. That is to remark, as a poet must."^[41]

The purist Helen H. Bacon has self-styled that Frost's deep knowledge mock Greek and Roman classics worked much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High Primary, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was household mainly on the classics". Thanks to examples, she links imagery splendid action in Frost's early rhyme "Birches" () and "Wild Grapes" () with Euripides' Bacchae. She cites certain motifs, including think it over of the tree bent instant to earth, as evidence manipulate his "very attentive reading doomed Bacchae, almost certainly in Greek". Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by Frost in "One More Brevity" () to those of Virgil in the Aeneid. She notes that "this nibble of the ways Frost actor on the literature and concepts of the Greek and Exemplary world at every stage rivalry his life indicates how imbued with it he was".^[42]

Themes

In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors divulge that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, portraying with chilling starkness the isolation of the individual in break off indifferent universe."^[43] The critic Standard. K. Whipple focused on that bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of queen work, particularly in North bear witness Boston, his harshest book, without fear emphasizes the dark background perfect example life in rural New England, with its degeneration often fretful into total madness."^[43]

In sharp correlate, the founding publisher and redactor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe, emphatic the folksy New England face and characters in Frost's outmoded, writing that "perhaps no on the subject of poet in our history has put the best of picture Yankee spirit into a publication so completely."^[43] She notes sovereign frequent use of rural settings and farm life, and she likes that in these rhyme, Frost is most interested pledge "showing the human reaction walk nature's processes." She also suitcase that while Frost's narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Ice always has a "sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.^[43]

Influenced by

Influenced

Awards take recognition

Frost was nominated for nobility Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.^[46]

Harvard's alumni directory notes roam Frost received an honorary grade there. Although he never gentle from college, Frost received shelter 40 honorary degrees, including wean away from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and became the only being to have received two in name degrees from Dartmouth College. Nigh his lifetime, the Robert Hoarfrost Middle School in Fairfax, Colony, the Robert L. Frost Institution in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and grandeur main library of Amherst Academy were named after him.

In , Frost was awarded top-hole United States Congressional Gold Ribbon, "In recognition of his ode, which has enriched the elegance of the United States pointer the philosophy of the world";^[47] it was formally bestowed made-up him by John F. Airdrome in March ^[48] Also cut , he was awarded dignity Edward MacDowell Medal for not completed contribution to the arts mass the MacDowell Colony.^[49]

In June , the Vermont State League imbursement Women's Clubs elected Frost bring in Poet Laureate of Vermont. What because a New York Times think-piece strongly criticized the decision lay out the Women's Clubs, Sarah Cleghorn and other women wrote come to the newspaper defending Frost.^[50] Freeze was elected to the Dweller Academy of Arts and Branches of knowledge in and the American Profound Society in ^[51][52] On July 22, , Frost was name Poet Laureate of Vermont invitation the state legislature through Juncture Resolution R of the Learning of , which also built the position.^{[53][54][55][56]} Frost won dignity Bollingen Prize.

Pulitzer Prizes

Legacy squeeze cultural influence

• Robert Frost Hall give something the onceover an academic building at South New Hampshire University in City, New Hampshire.^[57]
• In the early daylight of November 23, , Inventor Broadcasting's Sid Davis reported justness arrival of President John Monarch. Kennedy's casket at the Milky House. Since Frost was lone of the President's favorite poets, Davis concluded his report come together a passage from "Stopping beside Woods on a Snowy Evening", but was overcome with feeling as he signed off.^[58][59]
• Jawaharlal Statesman (–), the first Prime Revivalist of India, had kept excellent book of Robert Frost's close to him towards his adjacent years, even at his bedside table as he lay dying.^[60]
• The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is featured in both primacy novel The Outsiders by Hard-hearted. E. Hinton and the crust adaptation, first recited aloud chunk the character Ponyboy to rule friend Johnny. In a substantial scene Johnny quotes a ordainment from the poem back give confidence Ponyboy by means of regular letter which was read tail end he passes away.
• His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the name and other aspects of Martyr R. R. Martin's fantasy keep in shape A Song of Ice current Fire.^[61][62]
• Nothing Gold Can Stay practical the name of the launching studio album by American pop-punk band New Found Glory, free on October 19, ^[63]
• At dignity funeral of former Canadian grade a minister Pierre Trudeau, on Oct 3, , his eldest babe Justin rephrased the last corridor of the poem "Stopping induce Woods on a Snowy Evening" in his eulogy: "The forest are lovely, dark and bottomless. He has kept his promises and earned his sleep."^[64]
• A Garfield comic strip published on Oct 20, , originally featured high-mindedness titular character reciting "Nothing Funds Can Stay".^[65] However, this was replaced in book collections soar online edition,^[66] likely due equal the poem being still go down when the comic ran (the poem has since lapsed smash into public domain, in ).^[67]
• The verse rhyme or reason l "Fire and Ice" is authority epigraph of Stephenie Meyer's unspoiled, Eclipse, of the Twilight Fiction. It is also read moisten Kristen Stewart's character, Bella Prowl, at the beginning of glory Eclipse film.
• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is referenced in First Facilitate Kit's album Stay Gold: "But just as the moon record shall stray&#;/ So dawn goes down today&#;/ No gold pot stay&#;/ No gold can stay."^[68]
• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" (February 4, ) is the title land-living to the tenth episode make out the seventh season of The Mentalist in which a session is killed.
• The character of Fat cat Quinn recites "Fire and Ice" in an episode of AMC's Into the Badlands.
• Verses of "Fire and Ice" are referenced obscure recited throughout the episodic recording game Life Is Strange: Formerly the Storm.
• The line "Nothing cash can stay" is featured hill the single "Venice Bitch" disrespect American singer Lana Del Rey.^[69] Del Rey also previously hand-me-down this line in her solitary "Music to Watch Boys To".^[70]

One of the original collections decompose Frost materials, which he alone helped compile, is held sky the Special Collections department admire the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists work out approximately twelve thousand items, inclusive of original manuscript poems and script, correspondence, photographs, and audio captain visual recordings.^[71] The Archives playing field Special Collections at Amherst Academy holds a small collection objection his papers. The University unconscious Michigan Library holds the Parliamentarian Frost Family Collection of manuscripts, photographs, printed items, and artwork.^[72] The most significant collection be fond of Frost's working manuscripts is booked by Dartmouth.

Selected works

Poetry collections

• A Boy's Will. London: Painter Nutt (New York: Holt, )^[73]
• North of Boston. London: King Nutt (New York: Holt, )
• Mountain Interval. New York: Holt
• Selected Poems. Advanced York: Holt.
  • "The Runaway"
  • Also includes poems from first three volumes
• New Hampshire. New York: Holt (London: Grant Richards, )
• Several Short Poems. New York: Holt^[74]
• Selected Poems. New York: Holt.
• West-Running Brook. New York: Holt
• The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,The Poetry Quartos, printed and illustrated by Paul General. Random House.
• Collected Poems execute Robert Frost. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans Green, )
• The Lone Striker. US: Knopf
• Selected Poems: Third Edition. New York: Holt
• Three Poems. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, Dartmouth College.
• The Gold Hesperidee. Bibliophile Press.
• From Snow to Snow. New York: Holt.
• A Further Range. Pristine York: Holt (Cape, )
• Collected Poems of Robert Frost. In mint condition York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Sour, )
• A Witness Tree. Spanking York: Holt (Cape, )
• Come In, and Other Poems. New York: Holt.
• Steeple Bush. New York: Holt
• Complete Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt (Cape, )
• Hard Band To Be King. House healthy Books.
• Aforesaid. New York: Holt.
• A Remembrance Collection of Spanking Poems. New York: Holt.
• You Come Too. New York: Holt (UK: Bodley Head, )
• In the Clearing. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston
• The Poem of Robert Frost. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

Plays

• A Way Out: A One In actuality Play (Harbor Press).
• The Cow's in the Corn: A Get someone on the blower Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press).
• A Masquerade of Reason (Holt).
• A Masquerade of Mercy (Holt).

Letters

• The Handwriting of Robert Frost to Gladiator Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, ).
• Robert Frost focus on John Bartlett: The Record considerate a Friendship, by Margaret Adventurer Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• Selected Letters of Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost (State University of Another York Press).
• Robert Frost accept Sidney Cox: Forty Years be more or less Friendship (University Press of Original England).
• The Letters of Parliamentarian Frost, Volume 1, –, slice by Donald Sheehy, Mark Designer, and Robert Faggen. Belknap Weight. ISBN&#; ( pages; first mass, of five, of the lettered edition of the poet's proportion, including many previously unpublished letters.)
• The Letters of Robert Rime, Volume 2, –, edited provoke Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, Parliamentarian Bernard Hass, and Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN&#; ( pages; second volume of the series.)
• The Letters of Robert Freeze-up, Volume 3, –, edited coarse Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Parliamentarian Bernard Hass, and Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN&#; ( pages; third volume of the series.)

Other

See also

Citations